Confronto Ethereum Layer 2 2026
Confronto affiancato delle principali reti Ethereum L2 in base a tariffe, velocità, TVL e maturità dell'ecosistema.
| Caratteristica | Arbitro Uno | Ottimismo | Base | Era zkSync | Starknet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tipo | Ottimista | Ottimista | Ottimista | ZK-rollup | ZK-rollup |
| Tariffa media per la trasmissione | ~ $ 0,01-0,05 | ~ $ 0,01-0,05 | ~$0,001-0,01 | ~$0,01-0,10 | ~$0,05-0,20 |
| TVS (Oct 2026) | ~$10.2B | ~$1.8B | ~$15.0B | ~$0.26B | ~$0.36B |
| Finalità | ~7 giorni | ~7 giorni | ~7 giorni | ~24 ore | ~4 ore |
| Compatibile con EVM | ✅ Pieno | ✅ Pieno | ✅ Pieno | ✅ Pieno | 🔴 Parziale |
| Token nativo | ARB | OP | Solo ETH | ZK | STRK |
| Meglio per | DeFi, commercio | App OP Stack | Utenti Coinbase | Sicurezza ZK | DeFi+Il Cairo |
| Ecosistema | 🟥🟥🟥🟥🟥 | 🟥🟥🟥🟥⚪ | 🟥🟥🟥🟥⚪ | 🟥🟥🟥⚪⚪ | 🟥🟥🟥⚪⚪ |
✅ Rollup ottimistici (Arbitrum, OP, Base)
- EVM identico: distribuisci Solidity esistente senza modifiche
- Commissioni più basse, in particolare Base (post EIP-4844)
- Periodo di sospensione di 7 giorni a L1 (usa il bridge veloce per saltare)
- I più grandi ecosistemi DeFi oggi
🔒 Rollup ZK (zkSync, Starknet)
- Prova crittografica = garanzie di sicurezza più forti
- Finalità più veloce a L1 (ore vs giorni)
- Costo computazionale più elevato = commissioni leggermente più elevate
- Ecosistemi in crescita, ancora in fase di maturazione
TVS figures: L2beat, Oct 2026. Base overtook Arbitrum in value secured during 2026; Optimism and ZK rollups saw sharp TVL declines.
Domande frequenti
Which Ethereum L2 has the most value secured right now?
As of October 2026, Base leads with roughly $15B in total value secured (per L2beat), having overtaken Arbitrum (~$10.2B) earlier this year. Optimism (~$1.8B) and the ZK rollups zkSync Era (~$0.26B) and Starknet (~$0.36B) trail well behind after steep TVL declines.
What's the real difference between optimistic and ZK rollups?
Optimistic rollups (Arbitrum, Optimism, Base) assume transactions are valid and only run a fraud proof if challenged, which means a ~7-day withdrawal window to Ethereum unless you use a fast bridge. ZK rollups (zkSync Era, Starknet) post a cryptographic validity proof with every batch, so withdrawals finalize in hours instead of days, at the cost of higher proving overhead.
Are L2 fees still much cheaper than Ethereum mainnet?
Yes. Since the EIP-4844 blob fee upgrade, all five networks settle typical transfers for fractions of a cent to a few cents, versus dollars on L1 during congestion. Base and Arbitrum are usually the cheapest; Starknet tends to run slightly higher due to proving costs.